ResearchProjects

HIV transmission among injecting and non-injecting drug users (IDU, NIDU) is a significant public health problem. In stage one of this project, the researchers developed ways to estimate the population density of injection drug use and HIV prevalence rates in metropolitan areas. In this project they built upon their previous work and conducted a study of 96 large metropolitan areas to study trends and predictors of changes in the population prevalence of drug injectors, HIV prevalence among injectors, and related prevention programs, as well as study changes in racial/ethnic and gender disparities on these issues. The results of the project will contribute to the understanding of the forces that shape metropolitan area HIV/AIDS epidemics and prevention programs, as well as help develop programs and policies to help avoid epidemics and, if needed, control them.

Abstract on NIH RePORTER

Escudero DJ, Lurie MN, Mayer KH, Weinreb C, King M, Galea S, Friedman SR, Marshall BD (2016).
Acute HIV infection transmission among people who inject drugs in a mature epidemic setting
AIDS, 30 (16), 2537-2544. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000001218. PMCID: PMC5069170.

Friedman SR, Tempalski B, Brady JE, West BS, Pouget ER, Williams LD, Des Jarlais DC, Cooper HL (2016).
Income inequality, drug-related arrests, and the health of people who inject drugs: Reflections on seventeen years of research
International Journal of Drug Policy, 32, 11-16. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.03.003. PMCID: PMC5344442.

Monteiro JF, Escudero DJ, Weinreb C, Flanigan T, Galea S, Friedman SR, Marshall BD (2016).
Understanding the effects of different HIV transmission models in individual-based microsimulation of HIV epidemic dynamics in people who inject drugs
Epidemiology and Infection, 144 (8), 1683-1700. doi: 10.1017/S0950268815003180. PMCID: PMC5322479.

Cooper HL, West B, Linton S, Hunter-Jones J, Zlotorzynska M, Stall R, Wolfe ME, Williams L, Hall HI, Cleland C, Tempalski B, Friedman SR (2016).
Contextual predictors of injection drug use among Black adolescents and adults in US metropolitan areas, 1993-2007
American Journal of Public Health, 106 (3), 517-526. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302911. PMCID: PMC4815709.

Friedman SR, Rossi D (2015).
Some musings about big events and the past and future of drug use and of HIV and other epidemics
Substance Use and Misuse, 50 (7), 899-902. doi: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1018752. PMCID: PMC4792193.

Monteiro JF, Galea S, Flanigan T, Monteiro ML, Friedman SR, Marshall BD (2015).
Evaluating HIV prevention strategies for populations in key affected groups: The example of Cabo Verde
International Journal of Public Health, 60 (4), 457-466. doi: 10.1007/s00038-015-0676-9. PMCID: PMC4545645.

West BS, Pouget ER, Tempalski B, Cooper HLF, Hall HI, Hu X, Friedman SR (2015).
Female and male differences in AIDS diagnosis rates among people who inject drugs in large U.S. metro areas from 1993 to 2007
Annals of Epidemiology, 25 (4), 218-225. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.01.006. PMCID: PMC4470700.

Cooper HL, Tempalski B (2014).
Integrating place into research on drug use, drug users’ health, and drug policy
International Journal of Drug Policy, 25 (3), 503-507. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.03.004. PMCID: PMC4135510.

Friedman SR, West BS, Tempalski B, Morton CM, Cleland CM, Des Jarlais DC, Hall HI, Cooper HL (2014).
Do metropolitan HIV epidemic histories and programs for people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men predict AIDS incidence and mortality among heterosexuals?
Annals of Epidemiology, 24 (4), 304-311. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.01.008. PMCID: PMC3954755.

Marshall BD, Friedman SR, Monteiro JF, Paczkowski M, Tempalski B, Pouget ER, Lurie MN, Galea S (2014).
Prevention and treatment produced large decreases in HIV incidence in a model of people who inject drugs
Health Affairs, 33 (3), 401-409. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0824. PMCID: PMC4469974.

Pouget ER, West BS, Tempalski B, Cooper H L, Hall HI, Hu X, Friedman SR (2014).
Persistent racial/ethnic disparities in AIDS diagnosis rates among people who inject drugs in U.S. metropolitan areas, 1993-2007
Public Health Reports, 129 (3), 267-279. PMCID: PMC3982550.

Friedman SR, West BS, Pouget ER, Hall HI, Cantrell J, Tempalski B, Chatterjee S, Hu X, Cooper HL, Galea S, Des Jarlais DC (2013).
Metropolitan social environments and pre-HAART/HAART era changes in mortality rates (per 10,000 adult residents) among injection drug users living with AIDS
PLoS One, 8 (2), e57201. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057201. PMCID: PMC3578804.

Tempalski B, Pouget ER, Cleland CM, Brady JE, Cooper HLF, Hall HI, Lansky A, West BS, Friedman SR (2013).
Trends in the population prevalence of people who inject drugs in US metropolitan areas 1992-2007
PLoS One, 8 (6), e64789. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064789. PMCID: PMC3673953.

Cooper HLF, Des Jarlais DC, Tempalski B, Bossak BH, Ross Z, Friedman SR (2012).
Drug-related arrest rates and spatial access to syringe exchange programs in New York City health districts: Combined effects on the risk of injection-related infections among injectors
Health and Place, 18 (2), 218-228. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.09.005. PMCID: PMC3274587.

Cooper H, Des Jarlais D, Ross Z, Tempalski B, Bossak BH, Friedman SR (2012).
Spatial access to sterile syringes and the odds of injecting with an unsterile syringe among injectors: A longitudinal multilevel study
Journal of Urban Health, 89 (4), 678-696. doi: 10.1007/s11524-012-9673-y. PMCID: PMC3535144.

Marshall BD, Paczkowski MM, Seemann L, Tempalski B, Pouget ER, Galea S, Friedman SR (2012).
A complex systems approach to evaluate HIV prevention in metropolitan areas: Preliminary implications for combination intervention strategies
PLoS One, 7 (9), e44833. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044833. PMCID: PMC3441492.

Pouget ER, Friedman SR, Cleland CM, Tempalski B, Cooper HL (2012).
Estimates of the population prevalence of injection drug users among hispanic residents of large US metropolitan areas
Journal of Urban Health, 89 (3), 527-564. doi: 10.1007/s11524-012-9670-1. PMCID: PMC3368042.

Chatterjee S, Tempalski B, Pouget ER, Cooper HL, Cleland CM, Friedman SR (2011).
Changes in the prevalence of injection drug use among adolescents and young adults in large U.S. metropolitan areas
AIDS and Behavior, 15 (7), 1570-1578. doi: 10.1007/s10461-011-9992-0. PMCID: PMC3299409.

Cooper HL, Des Jarlais DC, Ross Z, Tempalski B, Bossak B, Friedman SR (2011).
Spatial access to syringe exchange programs and pharmacies selling over-the-counter syringes as predictors of drug injectors’ use of sterile syringes
American Journal of Public Health, 101 (6), 1118-1125. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.184580. PMCID: PMC3093286.

Friedman SR, Pouget ER, Chatterjee S, Cleland CM, Tempalski B, Brady JE, Cooper HL (2011).
Drug arrests and injection drug deterrence
American Journal of Public Health, 101 (2), 344-349. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.191759. PMCID: PMC3020200.

Lieb S, Fallon S, Friedman SR, Thompson DR, Gates GJ, Liberti TM, Malow RM (2011).
Statewide estimation of racial/ethnic populations of men who have sex with men in the U.S.
Public Health Reports, 126 (1), 60-72. PMCID: PMC3001824.

Lieb S, Prejean J, Thompson DR, Fallon SJ, Cooper H, Gates GJ, Liberti TM, Friedman SR, Malow RM (2011).
HIV prevalence rates among men who have sex with men in the southern United States: Population-based estimates by race/ethnicity
AIDS and Behavior, 15 (3), 596-606. doi: 10.1007/s10461-010-9820-y.

Roberts ET, Friedman SR, Brady JE, Pouget ER, Tempalski B, Galea S (2010).
Environmental conditions, political economy, and rates of injection drug use in large US metropolitan areas 1992-2002
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 106 (1-3), 142-153. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.08.007. PMCID: PMC2815118.

Tempalski B, Cleland CM, Pouget ER, Chatterjee S, Friedman SR (2010).
Persistence of low drug treatment coverage for injection drug users in large US metropolitan areas
Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 5, 23. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-5-23. PMCID: PMC2954979.

Cooper HL, Bossak B, Tempalski B, Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR (2009).
Geographic approaches to quantifying the risk environment: Drug-related law enforcement and access to syringe exchange programmes
International Journal of Drug Policy, 20 (3), 217-226. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.08.008. PMCID: PMC2776775.

Friedman SR, Cooper HL, Osborne AH (2009).
Structural and social contexts of HIV risk among African Americans
American Journal of Public Health, 99 (6), 1002-1008. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.140327. PMCID: PMC2679787.

Friedman SR, Rossi D, Braine N (2009).
Theorizing “Big Events” as a potential risk environment for drug use, drug-related harm and HIV epidemic outbreaks
International Journal of Drug Policy, 20 (3), 283-291. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.10.006.

Tempalski B, McQuie H (2009).
Drugscapes and the role of place and space in injection drug use-related HIV risk environments
International Journal of Drug Policy, 20 (1), 4-13. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.02.002. PMCID: PMC3615636.

Tempalski B, Lieb S, Cleland CM, Cooper H, Brady JE, Friedman SR (2009).
HIV prevalence rates among injection drug users in 96 large US metropolitan areas, 1992-2002
Journal of Urban Health, 86 (1), 132-154. doi: 10.1007/s11524-008-9328-1. PMCID: PMC2629516.

Brady JE, Friedman SR, Cooper HL, Flom PL, Tempalski B, Gostnell K (2008).
Estimating the prevalence of injection drug users in the U.S. and in large U.S. metropolitan areas from 1992 to 2002
Journal of Urban Health, 85 (3), 323-351. doi: 10.1007/s11524-007-9248-5. PMCID: PMC2329751.

Cooper HL, Brady JE, Friedman SR, Tempalski B, Gostnell K, Flom PL (2008).
Estimating the prevalence of injection drug use among Black and White adults in large U.S. metropolitan areas over time (1992-2002): Estimation methods and prevalence trends
Journal of Urban Health, 85 (6), 826-857. doi: 10.1007/s11524-008-9304-9. PMCID: PMC2587642.

Tempalski B, Cooper HL, Friedman SR, Des Jarlais DC, / Brady J, Gostnell K (2008).
Correlates of syringe coverage for heroin injection in 35 large metropolitan areas in the US in which heroin is the dominant injected drug
International Journal of Drug Policy, 19 (Suppl 1), S47-S58. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2007.11.011. PMCID: PMC2706511.

Cooper HL, Brady JE, Ciccarone D, Tempalski B, Gostnell K, Friedman SR (2007).
Nationwide increase in the number of hospitalizations for illicit injection drug use-related infective endocarditis
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 45 (9), 1200-1203. doi: 10.1086/522176. PMCID: PMC2567828.

Cooper HLF, Friedman SR, Tempalski B, Friedman R (2007).
Residential segregation and injection drug use prevalence among Black adults in US metropolitan areas
American Journal of Public Health, 97 (2), 344-352. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.074542. PMCID: PMC1781401.

Friedman SR, Tempalski B, Brady JE, Friedman JJ, Cooper HL, Flom PL, McGrath MM, Gostnell K, Des Jarlais DC (2007).
Predictors of the degree of drug treatment coverage for injection drug users in 94 metropolitan areas in the United States of America
International Journal of Drug Policy, 18 (6), 475-485. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.10.004.

Tempalski B (2007).
Placing the dynamics of syringe exchange programs in the United States
Health and Place, 13 (2), 417-431. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.05.004. PMCID: PMC2169509.

Tempalski B, Flom PL, Friedman SR, Des Jarlais DC, Friedman JJ, McKnight C, Friedman R (2007).
Social and political factors predicting the presence of syringe exchange programs in 96 US metropolitan areas
American Journal of Public Health, 97 (3), 437-447. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.065961. PMCID: PMC1805016.

Tempalski B, Friedman R, Keem M, Cooper H, Friedman SR (2007).
NIMBY localism and national inequitable exclusion alliances: The case of syringe exchange programs in the United States
Geoforum, 38 (6), 1250-1263. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.03.012. PMCID: PMC2170884.

Aceijas C, Friedman SR, Cooper HL, Wiessing L, Stimson GV, Hickman M (2006).
Estimates of injecting drug users at the national and local level in developing and transitional countries, and gender and age distribution
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 82 (Suppl 3), iii10-iii17. doi: 10.1136/sti.2005.019471. PMCID: PMC2576733.

Blankenship KM, Friedman SR, Dworkin S, Mantell JE (2006).
Structural interventions: Concepts, challenges and opportunities for research
Journal of Urban Health, 83 (1), 59-72. doi: 10.1007/s11524-005-9007-4. PMCID: PMC1473169.

Friedman SR, Touze G (2006).
Policy bereft of research or theory: A failure of harm reduction science
International Journal of Drug Policy, 17 (2), 133-135. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2005.11.004.

Friedman SR, Cooper HL, Tempalski B, Keem M, Friedman R, Flom PL, Des Jarlais DC (2006).
Relationships of deterrence and law enforcement to drug-related harms among drug injectors in US metropolitan areas
AIDS, 20 (1), 93-99.

Friedman SR, Kippax SC, Phaswana-Mafuya N, Rossi D, Newman CE (2006).
Emerging future issues in HIV/AIDS social research
AIDS, 20 (7), 959-965. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000222066.30125.b9.

Cooper H, Friedman SR, Tempalski B, Friedman R, Keem M (2005).
Racial/ethnic disparities in injection drug use in large US metropolitan areas
Annals of Epidemiology, 15 (5), 326-334. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.10.008.

Friedman SR, Lieb S, Tempalski B, Cooper H, Keem M, Friedman R, Flom PL (2005).
HIV among injection drug users in large US metropolitan areas, 1998
Journal of Urban Health, 82 (3), 434-445. doi: 10.1093/jurban/jti088. PMCID: PMC3456049.

Rhodes T, Singer M, Bourgois P, Friedman SR, Strathdee SA (2005).
The social structural production of HIV risk among injecting drug users
Social Science and Medicine, 61 (5), 1026-1044. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.024.

Friedman SR, Tempalski B, Cooper H, Perlis T, Keem M, Friedman R, Flom PL (2004).
Estimating numbers of injecting drug users in metropolitan areas for structural analyses of community vulnerability and for assessing relative degrees of service provision for injecting drug users
Journal of Urban Health, 81 (3), 377-400. doi: 10.1093/jurban/jth125. PMCID: PMC3455936.

Tempalski B, Friedman SR, Des Jarlais DC, McKnight C, Keem M, Friedman R (2003).
What predicts which metropolitan areas in the USA have syringes exchanges?
International Journal of Drug Policy, 14 (5-6), 417-424. doi: 10.1016/S0955-3959(03)00143-9.

Friedman SR, Reid G (2002).
The need for dialectical models as shown in the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic
International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 22 (4/5/6), 177-200. doi: 10.1108/01443330210790067.

Hankins CA, Friedman SR, Zafar T, Strathdee SA (2002).
Transmission and prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in war settings: Implications for current and future armed conflicts
AIDS, 16 (17), 2245-2252.

Friedman SR, Perlis T, Des Jarlais DC (2001).
Laws prohibiting over-the-counter syringe sales to injection drug users: Relations to population density, HIV prevalence, and HIV incidence
American Journal of Public Health, 91 (5), 791-793. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.91.5.791. PMCID: PMC1446682.

Repressive Criminal Justice Efforts are Ineffective in Reducing Injection Drug Use
October 2013

Young People Who Inject Drugs are Increasing in the United States
July 2013